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The Edict of Thessalonica, also known as ''Cunctos populos'', was issued in 380 AD. It ordered all subjects of the Roman Empire to profess the faith of the bishops of Rome and Alexandria, making Nicene Christianity the state religion of the Roman Empire. ==Background== The emperor Constantine I converted to Christianity in 312. By 325 Arianism, a type of christology that contended that Christ was created and a subordinate entity to God the Father, had become so sufficiently popular and controversial in Early Christianity that Constantine called the Council of Nicaea in an attempt to end the controversy by establishing an empire-wide orthodoxy. The council produced the original Nicene Creed, which rejected Arianism and upheld that Christ is "true God" and "of one essence with the Father".〔Williams & Friell, (1994) pp. 46–53〕 However, the strife within the Church did not end with Nicaea. Constantine, while urging tolerance, began to think that he had come down on the wrong side, and that the Nicenes — with their fervid persecution of Arians — were actually perpetuating strife within the Church. Constantine was not baptized until he was near death (337), choosing an Arian bishop, Eusebius of Nicomedia, to perform the baptism.〔 Constantine's son and successor in the east, Constantius II was sympathetic to the Arians, and even exiled Nicene bishops. Constantius' successor Julian was the only emperor after the conversion of Constantine to reject Christianity and to attempt a revival of religious diversity, calling himself a "Hellene" and supporting forms of Hellenistic religion, the traditional religious ''cultus'' of Rome, and Judaism, as well as declaring toleration for all the various Christian sects. Julian's successor, Jovian, a Christian, reigned for only eight months and never entered Constantinople. He was succeeded in the east by Valens, an Arian.〔 By 379, when Valens was succeeded by Theodosius I, Arianism was widespread in the eastern part of the Empire, while the west had remained staunchly Nicene. Theodosius, who had been born in Hispania, was himself a Nicene Christian and very devout. In August, his counterpart in the west, Gratian, promoted persecution of heretics in the west.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Edict of Thessalonica」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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